Belum Caves – Journey into India’s Second-Longest Cave System
Nestled in the Nandyal district’s rural landscape, Belum Caves stands as a mesmerising underground marvel—India’s second-largest publicly accessible cave system. Spanning over 3.2 km and plunging deep into the earth, the caves are a spellbinding blend of geological wonder, historical depth, and serene spirituality. Here’s your complete guide to exploring this ancient natural masterpiece. 
1. Belum Caves Unique
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Cave Scale & Formation: Stretching approximately 3,229 m (10,593 ft) and descending to depths around 46 m (151 ft) at a spot called Patalaganga, these caves feature long passages, fresh water galleries, and siphons carved over millennia by flowing subterranean water.
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Geological Recognition: Recently recognized as a Geo-Heritage Site by the Geological Survey of India (GSI), Belum Caves joins the elite as Andhra Pradesh’s seventh such landmark.
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Historical & Cultural Layers: Archaeological evidence dates back to 4500 BCE, with Jain and Buddhist relics suggesting centuries of monastic usage. First documented by British geologist Robert Bruce Foote in 1884 and mapped by German speleologist H.D. Gebauer in the 1980.
2. Must-See Chambers & Rock Formations
Belum Caves offers a gallery-like underground experience with several standout formations:
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Simhadwaram (Lion’s Gate): A natural arch resembling a lion’s head
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Kotilingalu Chamber: Holds thousands of stalactites that look like Shiva lingams
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Saptasvarala Guha (Musical Chamber): Striking the stalactites emits musical tones.
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Thousand Hoods: Ceiling formations reminiscent of cobra hoods.
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Voodalamari (Banyan Tree Hall): A striking stalactite formation that mimics aerial roots.
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Dhyan Mandir (Meditation Hall): A serene chamber thought to be used by monks, with stone formations that resemble a bed and pillow.
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Buddha Statue: A peaceful 40-foot figure seated on a hillock near the entrance—symbolizing the region’s spiritual legacy.
3. Visiting Tips & Logistics
| Category | Details |
|---|---|
| Timings | Open daily from 10 AM to 5 PM |
| Entry Fee | Indians: ₹50–70; Foreign tourists: ₹300. Children: ~₹25 |
| Best Time to Visit | October–February offers the most pleasant weather. Visit early morning (10–12 PM) or late afternoon to avoid heat and crowds. |
| How to Reach | Located near Belum Village, ~30 km from Nandyal, and ~110 km from Kurnool. Nearest railhead: Tadipatri (~30 km). Nearest airport: Hyderabad (~305 km) . |
| Facilities | Scarce overnight lodging—AP Tourism dormitory (~₹40/head) nearby; canteen and minimal shops on site; better accommodations in nearby towns like Anantapur, Kurnool, or Nandyal. |
| Tips for Visitors | Wear non-slip footwear; bring water, snacks, and a torch. Hire a guide for better exploration. Be ready for cramped, humid areas and occasional low ceilings. |
4. Visit Itinerary
Half-Day Adventure
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10 AM: Arrive → descend into the entrance and follow the illuminated 1.5 km trail
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Explore Simhadwaram, Meditation Hall, Thousand Hoods, and Patalaganga
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12 PM: Climb out → capture shots of the Buddha statue → relax with a local snack
Full-Day Heritage Loop
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Morning: Visit Belum Caves
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Afternoon: Continue to Yaganti Cave Temples or Gandikota Canyon—both within ~50–60 km
5. Cultural & Scientific Significance
Beyond its sightseeing appeal, Belum Caves offers deep cultural, historic, and geological context:
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Multi-Layered History: Home to evidence from 4500 BCE and Buddhist/Jain heritage—now conserved and displayed at the Anantapur museum
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Scientific Marvel: The continuous limestone formations, underground streams, and stable cave microclimate highlight fascinating geological processes.
Growing Global Attention: The GSI’s recent heritage designation signals a future of improved visibility, tourism infrastructure, and conservation efforts.
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