Guntupalli Buddhist Caves -Jeelakarragudem

Guntupalli’s Buddhist Caves & Monuments:

Nestled amid the scenic hills of West Godavari, Andhra Pradesh, the Jeelakarragudem (Guntupalli) Caves are a rare glimpse into India’s Buddhist past. This lesser-known archaeological gem presents rock-cut chaityas, monastic cells, stupas, and ancient mandapas—constructs dating as far back as the 3rd century BC. Let’s uncover the secrets of this tranquil site and why it deserves a spot on the heritage map. 

 

Jeelakarragudem, village belonging to Guntupalle is located at the distance of 6.4 kms from Kamarvarapukota and 47 kms from Eluru, westgodavari. 

A Glimpse Into Guntupalli’s History

Guntupalli flourished as a Buddhist monastic complex from around 3rd–2nd century BCE. Excavations have revealed a range of structures showcasing early Buddhist architecture, including votives stupas, chaitya halls, rock-cut monasteries, and assembly halls. The site played a crucial role in the spread of Buddhism through the Krishna-Godavari delta region.The important monuments located are: rock cut temple or vritta chaitya, large monastery, small monastery, brick chaitya, ruined mandapa, stone stupa and cluster of votive stupas.

Rock cut Temple(Vritta Chaitya): Datable to the 3rd-2nd century BC, the vritta chaitya is circular on plan and enshrines a rock cut votive stupa provided with a small circumambulatory path around it. Locally known as Dharmalingeswara, it has vaulted domical ceiling marked by carved ribs while its exterior shows an arched facade, with ornamental rafts resembling famous Sudama and Lamasrishi caves of Bihar.
Large Monastery: Excavated into the sandstone cliff, the monastery contains a series of cells of varying dimensions meant for the monks to live in. It has a main entrance with the windows on sides, a narrow terrace and verandah. Both the entrances as well as the widows invariably bear arched facades akin to that of vritta chaitya. Marked by its simplicity the entire monastery is devoid of any ornamentation or decoration and thus attributed to the earliest Buddhist monastic architecture. Some of the cells were provided with deep cut channels to facilitate the rainwater drain in to a natural fissure located on the backside of the monastery.
Small Monastery: This rock cut vihara, located at a higher elevation of the hill is relatively smaller in dimension. In all there are five cells in it, which are crudely excavated and some remained unfinished. Due to the ravages of nature its façade was badly affected leaving behind traces of gables on it.
Group of Stupas: Located on one of the terraces of hilltop and numbering more than sixty, these votive stupas erected on different occasions and time frames vary in their shape, size and mode of construction. Fashioned out of stone and also in brick, these votive stupas were set up on stone or brick basements. Amongst them are also seen small apsidal and circular votive chaityas.
Stone stupa: Datable to the 2nd century BC, this stupa with block stone veneering was subjected to partial excavations in the last quarter of 19th century. Considerable damage was done to its dome by the treasure hunters even before the excavations. The dome measures 2.62m height and 4.88m dia was erected over a circular basement. The excavations have yielded a stone relic casket containing gold and rock crystal.
Ruined Mandapa: The monument, presently represented by four standing broken stumps of the pillars was once supposed to be part of a large pillared assembly hall meant for the monks. An inscribed stone pillar retrieved during the clearance work speaks of the existence of a pillared mandapa, which received donations from the 1st to 5th century AD. The dimension of the original assembly hall was estimated as 56 ft.x34ft and was provided with entrance porches on eastern and western sides respectively.
Circular Brick Chaitya Griha: Datable to C. 3rd-2nd century BC, it is at the eastern extreme of the hill over an elevated terrace, approached by a long flight of stone steps. A record of an upasika datable to 2nd-1st century BC refers to the setting up of these stone steps at the entrance platform. Its external diameter is 11 m and has an imposing adhistana. The wall of chaityagriha rises to 80 cm height and measure 2.14 m wide. It houses a stupa at the center. The circumambulatory path around the stupa is 1.38 m wide.

Buddhist Monuments.

 

Visiting Details and Tips

• Opening Hours: 9:00 AM to 4:00 PM
• Best Time to Visit: Cooler months (October–March) are ideal to explore comfortably.
• How to Reach: Located near Guntupalli; closest town is Kamavarapukota (~6 km away). Combine the visit with nearby heritage sites like Belum Caves for a full-day heritage excursion.
• On-site Essentials: Wear sturdy shoes, pack water and snacks, and plan for a light trek upward to the terraces.

 Though less talked about, these sites resonate deeply with heritage explorers and historians—capturing quiet reverence and ancient craftsmanship. 

 

“The rock-cut part… has two Buddhist caves, a chaitya hall and a large group of stupas… the chaitya hall has a rare carved stone entrance replicating wooden architecture…”

 

Quick Itinerary Suggestion

Time	Activity
Morning	Arrive at Jeelakarragudem → Explore monastery caves and chaityas
Midday	Ascend to the stupa terrace → Photograph votive stupas
Afternoon	Visit the ruined mandapa and brick chaitya → Reflect in the serene surroundings

Nearby Attractions

• Dwaraka Tirumala Temple (60 km) – Famous hill shrine of Lord Venkateswara

• Eluru Kolleru Lake (30 km) – Birdwatching and nature photography

• Bikkavolu Buddhist Stupa (55 km) – Another significant Buddhist site

• Guntupalli Venkateswara Swamy Temple – Local spiritual site

• Buddha Park, Eluru– A famous park in eluru.

• Munjaluru Waterfalls – Famous water falls.

FAQ Section

1. What is special about Guntupalli Buddhist Caves?

Guntupalli features rock-cut viharas, stupas, chaityas, and monasteries dating back to 3rd–2nd century BCE, showcasing early Buddhist architecture in Andhra Pradesh.

2. Where is Guntupalli located?

Guntupalli is in West Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh, about 25 km from Eluru and 120 km from Vijayawada.

3. What are the main attractions at Guntupalli?

Key attractions include the Vritta Chaitya (rock-cut temple), large and small monasteries, circular brick chaityas, stone stupa, ruined mandapa, and a hilltop group of over 60 votive stupas.

4. Are there recent Buddhist monk visits to Guntupalli?

As of 2024–2025, there are no confirmed major visits by monks. The site is primarily a heritage and archaeological destination, not a currently active monastery.

5. When is the best time to visit Guntupalli?

October to March offers the best weather for exploring the open-air caves, stupas, and monastic ruins.

6. How long should I plan to visit?

A 2–3 hour visit is sufficient to explore all major monuments, including monasteries, stupas, and the chaitya halls.

People Also Ask (PAA) Section

1. How old is the Guntupalli Buddhist complex?
The monuments date back to 3rd–2nd century BCE, with some structures updated through the 1st–5th centuries AD.

2. What is a Vritta Chaitya?
A Vritta Chaitya is a circular rock-cut temple with a stupa at the center and a circumambulatory path, used for early Buddhist rituals.

3. Are there facilities for tourists at Guntupalli?
Yes, the site is open to visitors with basic facilities. Nearby towns like Eluru provide accommodations and eateries.

4. What other Buddhist sites are near Guntupalli?
Nearby sites include Bikkavolu Buddhist Stupa, Dwaraka Tirumala Temple, Kolleru Lake, and various archaeological sites in West Godavari.

5. Can children and students visit Guntupalli for educational trips?
Absolutely. The site is ideal for heritage tours, school trips, and history-focused excursions. 

Conclusion

Guntupalli Buddhist Caves & Monuments is a treasure trove of ancient Buddhist architecture and culture. From the vritta chaitya and circular brick chaityas to rock-cut monasteries and stupas, the site tells the story of centuries-old devotion, learning, and architectural ingenuity. For historians, pilgrims, or heritage travelers, Guntupalli promises a deeply enriching experience into India’s Buddhist past.

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